THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATOLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY

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Climatology & Oceanography MODELS AND THEORIES FOR UGC NET EXAM, THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY NOTES, MODEL IN GEOGRAPHY STUDY MATERIAL, THEORIES AND MODELS PYQS, 

 

Theories and Models in Geography

Part 1- Geomorphology –  Uniformitarianism, Isostasy, Continental Drift Theory, Cavern Formation Theory

Part 2- Climatology – Rainfall Formation Theories, Climatic Classification of Koeppen’s & Thronthwaite’s

Part 2- Oceanography – Theories of Coral Formation, Theories of Origin of Tides

Part 3- Agricultural Geography- Von Thunen’s Model of Land Use, Whittlesey Classification

Part 3- Economic Geography-  Industrial Location Theory by Alfred Weber

Part 3- Regional Planning & Development – Economic Growth Model of Rostow, Gunnar Myrdal, O Hirschman, John Friedman, Francois Perroux, Planning Process of MacKaye, Planning Regions of V. Nath, Bhat & Rao, Sen Gupta & Chandrasekhara

Part 4- Population Geography – Population Resource Regions – Ackerman, Theories of Population Growth- Malthusian Theory of Population, Demographic Transition Theory, Theory of Migration- Ravenstein’s Laws, Zelinsky, Push & Pull Theory

Part 5- Settlement and Urban Geography-  CENTRAL PLACE THEORY, Economic Location Theory of August Losch, Theories of Urban Urban Morphology- E.W. Burgess, Homer Hoyt, C.D Harris & E.L Ullman

Part 6- Political Geography- Heartland Theory, Rimland Theory

Part 6- Geographical Thought- Philosophical Approaches – Positivism, Pragmatism, Idealism, Realism, New or Critical Realism, Phenomenology, Radicalism, Behaviouralism, Welfare Approach

Climatology

Rainfall Formation Theories

1. Cloud Instability Theory/Ice Crystal Theoryof Bergeron Findeisen (1933)
2. Collision Coalescence Theory-Walter Findeisen

 

Anti-Cyclone 

Sir Francis Galton

1861

 

Polar Front Theory (Temperate Cyclone)

1. Bjerknes and J. Bjerknes

 

Airmass         

1. Bjerknes and J. Bjerknes

Jeat Stream   

C.G Rossby

1947

 

Climatic Classification of Koeppen’s  Wladimir Koeppen -1900

A- Tropical Humid Climate

B- Dry Climate

C- Humid Mesothermal

D- Humid Microthermal

E- Polar Climates

 

f- Precipitation throughout the year

m- Monsoon Climate

w-winter dry season

s- well defined summer dry season.

 

Climatic Classification of Thronthwaite’s

3 Phases Climatic Classification

1. USA -1931

    2.World – 1933

3. Revised – 1948

 

1. 1931 Classification based on – Precipitation Effectiveness & Temperature Efficiency
2. 1948 Classification based on – Potential Evapotranspiration

 

P/E Index

A: (>127): Wet Climate (Rainforest)

B:(64-127): Humid Climate (Deciduous)

C:( 32-63): Sub Humid (Grassland)

D: (16-32): Semi-Arid (Steppe)

E:( < than 16): Arid (Desert)

 

T/E Index

A’: Tropical (128 +)

B’: Mesotherms (64-127)

C’ Microtherms (32-63)

D’: Taiga (16-31)

E’: Tundra (1-15)

F’: Frost (0)

 

Oceanography

Theories of Coral Formation:

1. Subsidence Theory (1837)– C. Darwin
2. Stand Still Theory (1880) – Murray
3. Glacial Control Theory (1915) – Daly

 

Theories of Origin of Tides

1. Equilibrium Theory (1687) – Isaac Newton
2. Dynamical Theory (1755) – Laplace
3. Progressive Wave Theory (1833) – William Whewell
4. Canal Theory (1842) – G.B. Airy
5. Stationary Wave Theory (1904)- R.A. Harris

 

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