THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATOLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY
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Climatology & Oceanography MODELS AND THEORIES FOR UGC NET EXAM, THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY NOTES, MODEL IN GEOGRAPHY STUDY MATERIAL, THEORIES AND MODELS PYQS,
Theories and Models in Geography
Part 1- Geomorphology – Uniformitarianism, Isostasy, Continental Drift Theory, Cavern Formation Theory
Part 2- Climatology – Rainfall Formation Theories, Climatic Classification of Koeppen’s & Thronthwaite’s
Part 2- Oceanography – Theories of Coral Formation, Theories of Origin of Tides
Part 3- Agricultural Geography- Von Thunen’s Model of Land Use, Whittlesey Classification
Part 3- Economic Geography- Industrial Location Theory by Alfred Weber
Part 3- Regional Planning & Development – Economic Growth Model of Rostow, Gunnar Myrdal, O Hirschman, John Friedman, Francois Perroux, Planning Process of MacKaye, Planning Regions of V. Nath, Bhat & Rao, Sen Gupta & Chandrasekhara
Part 4- Population Geography – Population Resource Regions – Ackerman, Theories of Population Growth- Malthusian Theory of Population, Demographic Transition Theory, Theory of Migration- Ravenstein’s Laws, Zelinsky, Push & Pull Theory
Part 5- Settlement and Urban Geography- CENTRAL PLACE THEORY, Economic Location Theory of August Losch, Theories of Urban Urban Morphology- E.W. Burgess, Homer Hoyt, C.D Harris & E.L Ullman
Part 6- Political Geography- Heartland Theory, Rimland Theory
Part 6- Geographical Thought- Philosophical Approaches – Positivism, Pragmatism, Idealism, Realism, New or Critical Realism, Phenomenology, Radicalism, Behaviouralism, Welfare Approach
Climatology
Rainfall Formation Theories
- Cloud Instability Theory/Ice Crystal Theoryof Bergeron Findeisen (1933)
- Collision Coalescence Theory-Walter Findeisen
Anti-Cyclone
Sir Francis Galton
1861
Polar Front Theory (Temperate Cyclone)
- Bjerknes and J. Bjerknes
Airmass
- Bjerknes and J. Bjerknes
Jeat Stream
C.G Rossby
1947
Climatic Classification of Koeppen’s Wladimir Koeppen -1900
A- Tropical Humid Climate
B- Dry Climate
C- Humid Mesothermal
D- Humid Microthermal
E- Polar Climates
f- Precipitation throughout the year
m- Monsoon Climate
w-winter dry season
s- well defined summer dry season.
Climatic Classification of Thronthwaite’s
3 Phases Climatic Classification
- USA -1931
2.World – 1933
- Revised – 1948
- 1931 Classification based on – Precipitation Effectiveness & Temperature Efficiency
- 1948 Classification based on – Potential Evapotranspiration
P/E Index
A: (>127): Wet Climate (Rainforest)
B:(64-127): Humid Climate (Deciduous)
C:( 32-63): Sub Humid (Grassland)
D: (16-32): Semi-Arid (Steppe)
E:( < than 16): Arid (Desert)
T/E Index
A’: Tropical (128 +)
B’: Mesotherms (64-127)
C’ Microtherms (32-63)
D’: Taiga (16-31)
E’: Tundra (1-15)
F’: Frost (0)
Oceanography
Theories of Coral Formation:
- Subsidence Theory (1837)– C. Darwin
- Stand Still Theory (1880) – Murray
- Glacial Control Theory (1915) – Daly
Theories of Origin of Tides
- Equilibrium Theory (1687) – Isaac Newton
- Dynamical Theory (1755) – Laplace
- Progressive Wave Theory (1833) – William Whewell
- Canal Theory (1842) – G.B. Airy
- Stationary Wave Theory (1904)- R.A. Harris