Aristotle Contribution to Geography
Aristotle (384-322 BC):
Aristotle is regarded as the master of inductive reasoning – from the particular to the general. This is known as inductive or scientific approach. He is disciple of Plato.
He studied geography on the basis of systematic observation. He accepted that idea of spherical Earth and also the theory of gravitation.
He emphasized that the observations which were made through senses do not provide explanations; especially scientific explanations. He formulated laws or fundamental principles of scientific explanation.
He even contributed to the branch of human geography where he put forward the concept of variations in habitability on the surface of the earth on the basis of latitudinal position. He opined that the regions nearer to the Equator were uninhabitable and named it as the Torrid Zone. Similarly, the parts of the earth which was away from the equator and were permanently frozen were also uninhabitable- the Frigid Zone. The population of the Earth lived in the Temperate Zone which existed between the Torrid and Frigid Zones.
His work includes ‘Meteorologica’ in which he described tidal movements and asserted winds to play important role origin of tidal waves.
Key Points on Aristotle
[1] Master of inductive reasoning – from the particular to the general.
[2] Idea of Spherical Earth
[3] Formulated laws or fundamental principles of scientific explanation.
[4] Book : Meteorologica – describe about the origin of tides
N.B- Notes will be updated time to time
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PDF Name: Aristotle Contribution to Geography Notes by Netset Corner
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